Evaluation of Humoral Immunogenicity in Diabetes Patients Six Months Post-Second Dose: Comparative Analysis of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and BBIBP-CorV Vaccines

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus patients are usually considered a high risk population for SARS –COV2 infection and shown blunted immune responses when vaccinated with different types of vaccines. Aims: The study aimed to compare the humoral immune response at one to six months post the second dose of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and BBIBP-CorV vaccine in diabetes people. The humoral immune response was assessed by determining SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG antibodies, and SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody inhibition %. Materials and methods: A total of 180 participants with diabetes were eligible for analysis.  chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLI) quantify SARS-COV-2 spike protein IgG antibody and Enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody inhibition % at most during the six months after the second dose of  vaccination. Results: BNT162b2 vaccine induce a highest levels of anti-S IgG antibody and NAB IH5% (25.66±1.67 AU\mL, 76.32±11.6% respectively), followed by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (11.53±2.11 AU\Ml, 69.62±14.53 % respectively) and BBIBP-CorV (51.32±11.6 AU\Ml, 7.84±2.41 % respectively) (p<0.001) after six months post second dose of vaccination. The impaired antibodies response by BBIBP-CorV vaccine suggests that the vaccine may be less effective in generating a robust immune response in diabetes patients. Furthermore, Sex, Age, and duration were significantly correlated with levels of antibodies. Conclusions: The long-term humoral immunogenicity of several COVID-19 vaccinations in individuals with diabetes is clarified by this study. After six months, BNT162b2 exhibited better humoral immune responses followed by ChAdOx1nCoV-19 and BBIBP-CorV vaccines. Sex, age, and duration after vaccination were correlated with IgG antibody levels and NAB-IH%. These results emphasize the significance of taking into account the type of vaccine and the patients' long-term immune responses when developing an effective COVID-19 immunization strategy.