Investigating Nutritional Knowledge and Practice Among Pregnant Women in Al-Hilla City: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: The emphasis in most nutritional programs was on the implementation and evaluation of nutritional interventions aimed at the improvement of the health outcomes of infants and children rather than on outcomes related to maternal nutrition. Objectives: Hence, this study aimed to assess pregnant women's knowledge of maternal dietary practices and to identify the association between their nutritional knowledge and dietary practices. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study targeting pregnant mothers (ages 15-45) with varying gestational ages was conducted during antenatal care visits to primary healthcare centers from May 2 to July 30, 2024, in Al-Hilla city, Iraq. Six primary healthcare centers were selected through a simple random sampling technique, and participants were chosen using convenience sampling. Data were collected via direct interviews with pregnant mothers using a pre-tested questionnaire prepared in Arabic. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 27. Results: The majority (62%) of pregnant women demonstrated a good knowledge score, while only 10% had a poor score. Furthermore, a significant association (p-value < 0.05) was identified between this knowledge score and factors such as residence, monthly income, occupation, and the husband’s educational level among these women. In contrast, no association was found with the parity status. A significant association (p-value < 0.05) was also observed between knowledge score and the use of iron, folic acid, vitamin D, and other multivitamin supplements, as well as with regular weight measurement during pregnancy. Conclusions: Although many participants possess a strong foundation of nutritional knowledge, a significant gap exists in their ability to apply this understanding when making informed dietary choices. This disparity highlights not only a lack of practical application but also an opportunity for further education and support to help pregnant mothers translate their knowledge into tangible, healthy eating habits.