Thyroid Peroxidase Autoantibody Prevalence and Its Association with IA-2 Autoantibodies in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46966/msjar.v7i3.454Keywords:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus; TPO-Abs; IA-2 autoantibodies; thyroid autoimmunity; islet autoimmunityAbstract
Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that may coexist with other organ-specific autoimmune conditions, particularly thyroid autoimmunity. Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Abs) are important serological markers used to assess thyroid autoimmunity in patients with T1DM. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TPO-Abs positivity and evaluate its association with IA-2A positivity and serum IA-2A levels among patients with T1DM in Al-Najaf Province, Iraq. Methods: A hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the Diabetes Center of Al-Sadr Medical City, Al-Najaf, Iraq, between September 2022 and May 2023. The study included 30 patients with T1DM and 20 apparently healthy controls. Serum TPO-Abs and IA-2 autoantibodies (IA-2A) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays kits. Results: Patients with T1DM had significantly higher mean serum TPO-Ab levels than controls (77.56 ± 30.26 vs. 7.03 ± 0.84 IU/mL, P = 0.027). Similarly, IA-2A levels were higher in patients with T1DM than in controls (255.51 ± 118.43 vs. 4.92 ± 0.38 U/mL, P = 0.043). TPO-Ab positivity was detected in 9 of 30 patients with T1DM (30.0%) and was significantly associated with IA-2A positivity (P < 0.001). Among patients with T1DM, TPO-Abs and IA-2A levels showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.895, P < 0.001). Conclusion: TPO-Abs positivity was detected in 30.0% of patients with T1DM and was significantly associated with IA-2A positivity. These findings suggest coexistence of thyroid and islet autoimmunity among patients with T1DM; however, large studies are needed to confirm this association.
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