Evaluation of Hepatic, Renal and Hemolytic Markers (AST, ALP, Urea and LDH) in Patients with Beta-Thalassemia

Abstract

Background: As a hemolytic disorder, beta-thalassemia major is inherited and undergoes biochemical changes. The Aim: The current study aimed to assess the measure of liver function enzymes, renal function parameters, and selected hematological parameters in beta-thalassemia major patients as compared to healthy controls. Methods: The study consisted of 100 beta-thalassemia major patients and 100 control subjects matched for age and sex.  Thalassemia patients show significantly higher AST and ALP levels than controls, suggesting hepatic involvement (as per the increase in liver enzymes). Further, the LDH level was very high due to ongoing hemolysis, a feature of beta-thalassemia.  Results:  Serum urea levels in patients were lower than healthy controls for renal function. Nonetheless, all values were normal physiologic, indicating that renal function was preserved. A beta-thalassemia patient’s hematological evaluation shows a marked reduction in hemoglobin (Hb) and MCV consistent with severe microcytic anemia. A significant difference in liver enzyme activity and hemolysis marker, along with renal biochemical parameters and hematological indices, was observed in beta thalassemia cases. Conclusions: The result indicates that continuous laboratory assessment will improve clinical management and early complication detection in patients with beta-thalassemia major.