Genetic and Chemical Diversity of Cuminum cyminum L. and Bunium bulbocastanum L.: A Comparative Study Using RAPD, SCoT Molecular Markers and Phytochemical Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46966/msjar.v7i3.447Keywords:
HPLC, GC-MS, Flavonoids, Essential oil, SCoT, RAPD, Genetic diversity, Bunium bulbocastanum, Cuminum cyminumAbstract
Background: Cuminum cyminum L. (Cumn) and Bunium bulbocastanum L. (Buni), are members of the Apiaceae family, which contains economically and medicinally important aromatic plants commonly used in traditional medicine and culinary practices on a large scale in Iraq and the Middle East regions. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic and chemical diversity between both species using RAPD & SCoT molecular markers as well as chemical analysis by GC-MS, HPLC quantification of flavonoids, and physicochemical characterization of essential oils. Genetic assessment was performed with the help of five RAPD and five SCoT primers. Hydrodistillation was performed to extract essential oils and HPLC analysis was conducted for identifying flavonoids. The results showed a high degree of genetic variation, and the SCoT markers displayed more polymorphic bands (49), than RAPD markers (19) representations. Gas chromatography--mass spectrometry analysis revealed that C. cyminum oil was dominated by cuminaldehyde (42.43%) whereas B. bulbocastanum oil was characterized by thymol (35.5%) and carvacrol (15.53%; 3). The total flavonoid content of the species was similar (607.44 and 603.87 µg/mL) with apigenin as the most abundant compound. B. bulbocastanum (2.125%) and C. cyminum (1.729%) released a relatively higher yield of the essential oils being of good quality in both cases, but the first plant outperformed the other one. The results scientifically validate traditional uses and pave the way for future industrial applications, particularly in pharmaceuticals, food production, cosmetics and provides a platform for conservation and selective breeding strategies
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Copyright (c) 2026 Shayma'a Mazee Jabbar, Taif Al-saadi, Attyaf Jameel Thamir ALTamimi, Nidhal Abdul Hussein Al-Bdairi
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